Leonard C. Ferrington, Jr., Ph.D.

Lenard C. Ferrington, Jr.

Len Ferrington founded the Chironomidae Research Group in 2004 to formally recognize, organize, and disseminate his research and that of his students and collaborators. Sadly, Len Ferrington passed away unexpectedly, on September 11, 2021. Although Len was the foundation and driving impetus behind the Chironomidae Research Group and its work, his students and collaborators continue to support his legacy through the Chironomidae Research Group and by continuing with research that is inspired by Len. Len Ferrington A memorial article on Len’s life and legacy can be found at Leonard C. Ferrington, Jr. (1948-2021): Chironomid cognoscente and modern-day Renaissance man.

 

A brief biography of Len Ferrington’s research and legacy

Len made many contributions to science, particularly to the taxonomy and ecology of Chironomidae. During his 41-year academic career as a Professor and Scientist, Len was a prolific researcher that collaborated with colleagues in 52 countries on six continents. Len's research program consisted of several areas of emphasis including taxonomy and systematics, biodiversity, responses of aquatic insects to pollution, their roles in stream ecology, and aquatic resource sustainability, with most of his research questions centered around stories told by the Chironomidae. Although Len clearly displayed a strong focus on chironomid taxonomy and ecology, his research interests were diverse, and he brought his expertise and enthusiasm to other realms of freshwater biology as well, including biological monitoring, aquatic insect gut fungi, fish diets, Mecoptera diversity, and winter hardiness.

Len’s research focused on the significance of Chironomidae in aquatic ecosystems. In his lab he balanced taxonomic, systematics, and ecological research on Chironomidae to better understand the ecological framework within which evolutionary processes have operated to produce the biological diversity of the family. His research program consisted of five basic areas of emphasis: taxonomy and systematics, biodiversity studies, responses to various types of pollution, stream ecology, and studies of the diversity and co-evolution of Trichomycetes and their Chironomidae hosts. His research projects were conducted in a wide range of habitats, from highly degraded to some of the most pristine and beautiful areas across the globe. Areas in the US where Len and his students and collaborators have worked include Pennsylvania, Wyoming, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Maine, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Puerto Rico. Other projects took Len to Norway, Argentina, Tasmania, New Zealand, South Africa, and Mongolia. Graduate students often participated in these projects and benefitted from the travels. Len was also very fortunate to collaborate with numerous colleagues across the US and in many other countries. He was always grateful for their spirit of cooperation that always made the research enjoyable and scientifically productive. The list of his publications below demonstrates Len’s dedication to research on a range of intertwined and diverse topics.

Len in Mongolia

 An important part of Len’s significant legacy was as an active and well-liked professor and mentor to hundreds of undergraduate and graduate level students at the University of Kansas and the University of Minnesota. The courses he taught included:

  • Aquatic Insects/Entomology (University of Minnesota - Ent 5361/University of Kansas – Biol. 525)
  • Insects, Aquatic Habitats & Pollution (University of Minnesota - Ent 3925 and Ent 5081/University of Kansas – Biol. 701) 
  • Ecology of Aquatic Insects (University of Kansas – Biol. 701) 
  • Numerous Freshman Seminars, Graduate Seminars, an introductory Honors course in Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management (ESPM 1012H), and others
     

In addition to teaching students in a classroom, Dr. Ferrington acted as a major advisor for at least 27 graduate students (8 Ph.D. and 19 M.S.) and served as a committee member for numerous others. His students now hold titles, such as aquatic ecologists, research scientists, aquatic invertebrate taxonomists, professors of biology, environmental educators, among many others. This includes training teachers and professors at different educational levels and biologists specializing in public outreach who are educating the public and training students to be the next aquatic biologists. Len also trained many researchers who are responsible for the protection, conservation, and stewardship of natural resources. It is imperative for the conservation of aquatic resources that there is an experienced and capable community of aquatic science educators and researchers, and it is difficult to overestimate Len’s important contribution to the field.

Len’s Publications

Anderson, A.M., R.W. Bouchard Jr., and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2011. Hibernal emergence of Chironomidae in relation to stream size in Kansas, USA. In Wang, X and Liu, W. (Eds.). Contemporary Chironomid Studies - Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Chironomidae, Nankai University Press, Tianjin, China, pp. 247-255.

Anderson, A.M. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2012. Resistance and resilience of winter-emerging Chironomidae (Diptera) to a flood event: Implications for Minnesota trout streams. Hydrobiologia 707: 59-71.

Anderson, A.M. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2012. Time-efficiency of sorting Chironomidae surface-floating pupal exuviae samples from urban trout streams in Northeast Minnesota, USA. Fauna Norvegica 31: 19-23.

Anderson, A., P.Kranzfelder, R.W. Bouchard Jr. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2013. Survivorship and longevity of Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski (Diptera: Chironomidae) under snow. - Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 45: e6-e6. 

Anderson, A.M., P. Kranzfelder, A.T. Egan, and P.2014. Survey of Neotropical Chironomidae (Diptera) on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Florida Entomologist 97: 304-308.

Anderson, A.M., E. Mittag, B. Middleton, B. Vondracek, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2016. Winter diets of brown trout populations in southeastern Minnesota and the significance of winter-emerging invertebrates. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145: 206-220. 

Baranov, V. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2013. Hibernal emergence of Chironomidae in Ukraine. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 26: 33-40.

Berg, M.B., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and B.L. Hayford (Eds.) 1995. A Festchrift honoring Mary and Jim Sublette. Part 1: Taxonomy and systematics of Chironomidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 71: 195-382.

Berg, M.B., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and B.L. Hayford. (Eds.) 1995. A Festchrift honoring Mary and Jim Sublette. Part 2: Biology, ecology and natural history of Chironomidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 71: 383-504.

Blackwood, M.A., S.M. Hall and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1995. Emergence of Chironomidae from springs in the Central High-Plains Region of the United-States. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 68: 132-151.

Bodmer, H.C. Nyquist, B. Vondracek and L. Ferrington Jr. 2023. Exposure of cold-adapted Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski, 1915 (Diptera: Chironomidae) to short-term high temperature reduces longevity and reproduction. Aquatic Insects 44: 310-324.

Bouchard Jr., R.W., 2004. Guide to aquatic invertebrates of the Upper Midwest (Edited by L.C. Ferrington Jr. and M.L. Karius). University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.

Bouchard Jr, R.W., Carrillo, M.A. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2006. Lower lethal temperature for adult male Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski (Diptera: Chironomidae), a winter-emerging aquatic insect. - Aquatic Insects 28: 57-66.

Bouchard, R.W., M.A. Carrillo, S.A. Kells, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2006. Freeze tolerance in larvae of the winter-active Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski (Diptera: Chironomidae): a contrast to adult strategy for survival at low temperatures. Hydrobiologia 568: 403-416. 

Bouchard Jr., R.W. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2008. Determination of Chironomidae thermal preferences and thermal partitioning among closely related taxa in a Minnesota stream using surface floating pupal exuviae. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural) Supplement 13: 191-198.

Bouchard Jr., R.W. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2008. Identification guide and key to chironomid pupal exuviae in Mongolian Lakes. Chironomid Research Group, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, pp. 72. 

Bouchard Jr., R.W. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2009. Winter growth, development, and emergence of Diamesa mendotae (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Minnesota streams. Environmental Entomology 38: 250-259. 

Bouchard Jr., R.W. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2011. The effects of subsampling and sampling frequency on the use of surface-floating pupal exuviae to measure Chironomidae (Diptera) communities in wadeable temperate streams. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 181: 205-223. 

Bouchard Jr., R.W. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2023. Temporal partitioning of Chironomidae emergence in an insular, tropical rainforest stream. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 37:11-25.

Bouchard Jr., R.W., B.L. Hayford, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2022. Chironomus gelhausi, a new species of surface-mating Chironomus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Mongolia. Zootaxa 5116: 123-135.

Bouchard Jr., R.W., B.L. Hayford and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2022. Diversity of Chironomidae (Diptera) along a salinity gradient in lakes of the endorheic Great Lakes region of western Mongolia. Hydrobiologia 849: 2161-2175. 

Bouchard Jr., R.W., B.E. Schuetz, L.C. Ferrington Jr. and S.A. Kells. 2009. Cold hardiness in the adults of two winter stonefly species: Allocapnia granulata (Claassen, 1924) and A. pygmaea (Burmeister, 1839) (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Aquatic Insects 31: 145-155. 

Carlson, A.K., W.E. French, B. Vondracek, L.C. Ferrington Jr., J.E. Mazack, and J.L. Cochran-Biederman. 2016. Brown trout growth in Minnesota streams as related to landscape and local factors. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 31: 421-429. 

Carrillo, M., C. Cannon, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2004. Effect of sex and age on the supercooling point of the winter-active Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic Insects 26: 243-251.

Chen, S., R. Zhang, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2017. A New Species of Harnischia Kieffer, 1918 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Mongolia. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 90: 334-340.

Chen, S., R. Zhang, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2017. Two new species and one new record of the genus Metriocnemus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from Mongolia. Zootaxa 4312: 557-564.

Chou, R.Y.M., L.C. Ferrington Jr., B.L. Hayford, and H.M. Smith. 1999. Composition and phenology of Chironomidae (Diptera) from an intermittent stream in Kansas. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 147: 35-64. 

Coffman, W.P. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1996. Chironomidae. In Merritt, R.W. and Cummins, K.W. (Ed.) An Introduction to the aquatic insects of North America, 3rd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 635-748.

Coffman, W.P., L.C. Ferrington Jr., and M.B. Berg. 2008. Chironomidae. In: R.W. Merritt and K.W. Cummins (Eds.). An Introduction to the aquatic insects of North America, 4th ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 847-989, 

Coffman, W.P., L.C. Ferrington Jr., and R.M. Seward. 1988. Paraboreochlus stahli sp. n., a new species of Podonominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Nearctic. Aquatic insects 10: 189-200. 

da Silva, F.L. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2018. Systematics of the new world genus Pentaneura Phillip (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae): Historical review, new species and phylogeny. Zoologischer Anzeiger 274: 60-89. 

Dolph, C.L., S.L. Eggert, J. Magner, L.C. Ferrington Jr. and B. Vondracek 2015. Reach-scale stream restoration in agricultural streams of southern Minnesota alters structural and functional responses of macroinvertebrates. Freshwater Science 34: 535-546.

Donley, S.R., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and D.G. Huggins. 1999. Development of biological criteria for macroinvertebrates for streams of the Western Cornbelt Plains Ecoregion. Technical Report Number 90 of the Kansas Biological Survey. pp. 50 + appendix.

Donley, S., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and D. Strayer. 1998. The habitat of Paraboreochlus larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 71: 501-504.

Egan, A., D.R.L. Burge, M.B. Edlund, T. Lafrancois, and L.C. Ferrington, Jr. 2024. Distribution of water chemistry, trace metals, and Chironomidae in coastal freshwater rock pools. Freshwater Science 43.

Egan, A.T. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2019. Chironomidae of the Upper Saint Croix River, Wisconsin. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 145: 353-384. 

Egan, A.T. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2015. Chironomidae (Diptera) in freshwater coastal rock pools at Isle Royale, Michigan. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 141: 1-25.

Egan, A.T. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2015. Zonal stratification and geographic clustering of a species-rich chironomid community in freshwater coastal rock pools. Hydrobiologia 751: 147-158. 

Egan, A.T., L.C. Ferrington Jr., T. Lafrançois and M.B. Edlund. 2015. Seasonal variation in chironomid emergence from coastal pools. European Journal of Environmental Sciences 5: 15-23.

Egan, A.T., L.C. Ferrington Jr., T. Lafrançois, M.B. Edlund, and J. McCullough. 2015. Spatial arrangement and metrics of freshwater coastal rock pools applied to amphibian conservation. Limnologica 51: 101-109. 

Egan, A.T., T. Lafrançois, M.B. Edlund, L.C. Ferrington Jr., and J. Glase. 2014. Biological studies and mapping of shoreline rock pools in three Lake Superior national parks. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/MWRO/NRTR—2014/907. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. 

Epler, J.H. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1994. The Immature Stages of Paratendipes basidens Townes (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 67: 311-317.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1980. Drift dynamics of Chironomidae larvae occurring in streams draining three diverse biotopes (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1981. Kansas Chironomidae, Part I. In Brooks, R. (ed.) New records of the fauna and flora of Kansas for 1980. Biological Survey of Kansas, Technical Publication Number 10: pp.45-51.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1981. Diptera (true flies). In Huggins, D. G., Liechti, P. M., and Ferrington Jr., L.C. (Eds.) Guide to the freshwater invertebrates of the Midwest. Biological Survey of Kansas, Technical Publication Number 11. pp. 82-105.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1981. Detection and Documentation of Impacts. In Huggins, D.G., Liechti, P.M., and Ferrington Jr., L.C. (Eds.) Guide to the freshwater invertebrates of the Midwest. Biological Survey of Kansas, Technical Publication Number 11. pp. 202-213.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1982. Kansas Chironomidae, Part II: The Tanypodinae, In Brooks, R. (Ed.) New records of the fauna and flora of Kansas for 1981. Biological Survey of Kansas, Technical Publication Number 12: 49-60.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1983. Interdigitating broadscale distributional patterns of some Kansas Chironomidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 34: 101‑113.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1983. Kansas Chironomidae, Part III: The Harnischia complex, In Brooks, R. (Ed.) New records of the fauna and flora of Kansas for 1982. Biological Survey of Kansas, Technical Publication Number 13: 48-62.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1984. Evidence for the hyporheic zone as a microhabitat of Krenosmittia spp. larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Freshwater Ecology 2: 353-358.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1984. Drift Dynamics of Chironomidae Larvae .1. Preliminary-Results and Discussion of Importance of Mesh Size and Level of Taxonomic Identification in Resolving Chironomidae Diel Drift Patterns. Hydrobiologia 114: 215-227.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1987. Chironomidae in the capillary-fringe of the Cimarron River bed. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 60: 153-156. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1987. Microhabitat preferences of larvae of three Orthocladiinae species (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Big Springs, a sand-bottom spring in the High Plains of western Kansas. Entomologica Scandinavica supplement 29: 361-368.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1987. Freshwater sponges of Kansas and their associated entomofauna. Technical Report of the Kansas Biological Survey, 36 pp.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1987. Collection and Identification of Floating Pupal Exuviae of Chironomidae for Use in Studies of Surface Water Quality. Standard Operating Procedure prepared for U. S. EPA, Region VII, Kansas City, KS and published as SOP No. FW130A. pp. 39 + appendix.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1989. Assessment of the effects of B.t.i. applications for the control of midgefly larvae, Chironomus riparius, in Little Mill Creek, Johnson Co., KS. Kansas Biological Survey Report 41. pp. 16 + appendix.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1992. Habitat and sediment preferences of Axarus festivus larvae. Netherland Journal of Aquatic Ecology 26: 347-354.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1993. Endangered rivers: a case history of the Arkansas River in the Central Plains. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 3: 305-316.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1993. Water chemistry, sediment chemistry, fish and macroinvertebrate communities of the Galena Superfund subsite of the Tri-State Mining District. Technical Report of the Kansas Biological Survey Number 56. pp. 85 + appendices.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1995. Biodiversity of aquatic insects and other invertebrates in springs: introduction. - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 68: 1-3. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1995. Utilization of anterior headcapsule structures in locomotion by larvae of Constempellina sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae). - In Cranston, P.S. (Ed.) Chironomids: From genes to ecosystems. CSIRO Publications, East Melbourne, pp. 305-316. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1998. Generic composition of the chironomid fauna in springs of North America. - In L. Botosononeau (Ed.) Studies in crenobiology: the biology of springs and springbrooks. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 141-155.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1998. Mary and Jim Sublette: Fifty years of collaborative studies with Chironomidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 71: 195-198.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 1998. Monitoring and assessment of invertebrates in selected streams with elevated concentrations of heavy metals in U.S. EPA Region VII. Report I: Cannon Creek, Holt County, Missouri. Technical Publication Number 89 of the Kansas Biological Survey. pp. 37 + appendices.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 2000. Hibernal emergence patterns of Chironomidae in lotic habitats of Kansas versus ambient air and water temperatures. In Hoffrichter, O. (Ed.) Late 20th Century Research on Chironomidae. Shaker Verlag, pp. 375-382.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 2001. Summary of water chemistry and macroinvertebrate communities for selected sites at the Galena sub-site of the Cherokee County Superfund Site, Cherokee County, Kansas, within the Tri-State Mining District, Year Three of Phase III. Technical Report Number 102 of the Kansas Biological Survey. pp. 32 + appendices.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 2007. Hibernal emergence patterns of Chironomidae in lotic habitats of Kansas versus substrate composition. In Andersen, T. (Ed.) Contributions to the systematics and ecology of aquatic Diptera - A tribute to Ole A. Sæther. pp 99-105

Ferrington Jr., L.C. 2008. Global diversity of non-biting midges (Chironomidae; Insecta-Diptera) in freshwater. In Balian, E.V., Lévêque, C., Segers, H. and Martens, K. (Eds.) Freshwater animal diversity assessment. Springer Netherlands, pp. 447-455. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C. (Editor) 2010. Proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Chironomidae. Chironomid Research Group, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota. pp. 385 + viii.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and Berg, M.B. 2019. Chironomidae. In Merritt, R.W., Cummins, K.W. and Berg, M.B. (Eds.) An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America, 5th ed. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 1119-1074.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., M.B. Berg, and W.P. Coffman. 2008. Chironomidae. In Merritt, R.W., Cummins, K.W. and Berg, M.B. (Eds.) An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 847-989.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., M.A. Blackwood, C.A. Wright, N.H. Crisp, J.L. Kavanaugh, and F.J. Schmidt. 1991. A protocol for using surface-floating pupal exuviae of Chironomidae for rapid bioassessment of changing water-quality. Sediment and Stream Water Quality in a Changing Environment: Trends and Explanation 203: 181-190.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., W.H. Buzby, and M.A. Blackwood. 1991. Status report on Optioservus phaeus White (Scott Riffle Beetle). Technical Report of the Kansas Biological Survey Number 49. pp. 21.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., K.M. Buzby, and E.C. Masteller. 1993. Composition and temporal abundance of Chironomidae emergence from a tropical rainforest stream at El Verde, Puerto Rico. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 66: 167-180.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and C. Christiansen. 1985. Statistical and biological significance of Stenochironomus larvae on multiplate artificial substrate samplers with Masonite® discs. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 58: 724-726. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and W.P. Coffman. 2014. Differential efficiencies of dip-net sampling versus sampling surface-floating pupal exuviae in a biodiversity survey of Chironomidae. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 27: 31-40. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and N. Crisp. 1989. Water chemistry characteristics of receiving streams and the occurrence of Chironomus riparius and other Chironomidae in Kansas. Acta Biologica Debrecina Oecologica Hungarica 3: 115-126.

Ferrington Jr. L.C., O.K. Galle, M.A. Blackwood, C.A. Wright, F.J. Schmidt and J.M. Jobe. 1989. Occurrence and biological effects of cadmium, lead, manganese and zinc in the Short Creek/Empire Lake aquatic system in Cherokee County, Kansas. Kansas Water Resources Institute No. 277, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. pp. 106 + appendix.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., B. Hayford, R. Chou, S. Reynolds, C. Wright and D. Goldhammer. 1997. Final report: Summary of water chemistry, sediment chemistry, fish populations and macroinvertebrate communities for selected sites at the Galena sub-site of the Cherokee County Superfund Site, Cherokee County, Kansas, within the Tri-State Mining District, Phase II. Technical Report Number 83 of the Kansas Biological Survey. pp. 88 + appendices.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., B.N. Karns, and R.W. Bouchard Jr. 2010. Longevities of Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski, a hibernal emerging species of Chironomidae. Proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Chironomidae, pp. 22-29.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., R.G. Kavanaugh, F.J. Schmidt and J.L. Kavanaugh 1995. Habitat separation among Chironomidae (Diptera) in Big-Springs. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 68: 152-165. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C., R.W. Lichtwardt, and B. Hayford. 2000. Smittium gravimetallum (Trichomycetes: Harpellales), a new species of gut fungus from Dicrotendipes fumidus (Johannsen) (Diptera: Chironomidae) in a metal-polluted stream. In: Hoffrichter, O. (Ed.), Late 20th. Century Research on Chironomidae: An Anthology from the 13th International Symposium on Chironomidae. Shaker Verlag, Aachen, pp. 253–257.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., R.W. Lichtwardt, B. Hayford, B. and M.C. Williams. 2005. Symbiotic Harpellales (Trichomycetes) in Tasmanian aquatic insects. Mycologia 97: 254-262. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and E. Masteller. 2015. Emergence dynamics of Diamesa cheimatophila Hansen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae). European Journal of Environmental Sciences 5: 24-30. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C., E.C. Masteller, and J.A. Santiago-Blay. 2008. Comparison and significance of Chironomidae emergence from Lake Erie and Presque Isle Bay, Erie, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural) Supplement 13: 21-28.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and L. Ruse. 1986. Collection of Antillocladius pluspilalus and A. arcuatus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in eastern Kansas. Entomological News 97: 66-68.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and H.E. Pehofer. 1996. Instar distribution and biomass of Chironomidae larvae in Lago El Junco, Isla San Cristobal, the Galápagos. Hydrobiologia 318: 123-133. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and O.A. Sæther. 1987. Male, female, pupa and biology of Oliveridia hugginsi, n. sp. (Chironomidae: Diptera) from Kansas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 60: 451-461. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and Sæther, O.A. 1995. Physoneura a new genus of Orthocladiinae from Patagonia and South Chile (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic insects 17: 57-63.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and O.A. Sæther. 1995. Afrotropical species of Parakiefferiella Thienemann, with a review of species with palpal projections (Diptera: Chironomidae). In Cranston, P.S. (Ed.) Chironomids: From genes to ecosystems. CSIRO Publications, East Melbourne, pp. 369-377.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and O.A. Sæther. 2006. Rhagosmittia and Trondia, two new genera of Orthocladiinae from Oceania and Australia (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic Insects 28: 243-250.

Ferrington Jr., L.C. and O.A. Sæther. 2011. A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 2849: 1-314. 

Ferrington Jr., L.C., S.T. Stringer, and S.M. Stringer. 1999. Summary of water chemistry and macroinvertebrate communities for selected sites at the Galena sub-site of the Cherokee County Superfund Site, Cherokee County, Kansas, within the Tri-State Mining District, Year one of Phase III. Technical Report Number 94 of the Kansas Biological Survey. pp. 18 + appendices.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., S.T. Stringer, and S.M. Stringer. 2000. Summary of water chemistry and macroinvertebrate communities for selected sites at the Galena sub-site of the Cherokee County Superfund Site, Cherokee County, Kansas, within the Tri-State Mining District, Year two of Phase III. Technical Report Number 97 of the Kansas Biological Survey. pp. 25 + appendices.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., M.M. White, and R.W. Lichtwardt. 2003. A new genus of trichomycetes (Pseudoharpella arcolamylica) from Dixa fluvica Peters (Diptera: Dixidae). Aquatic Insects 25: 85-94.

Ferrington Jr., L.C., C.A. Wright, T.M. Anderson, and D.S. Goldhammer. 1994. Sediment transfers and representativeness of mesocosm test fauna. In Rachlin, J.W. (Ed.) Aquatic Mesocosm Studies in Ecological Risk Assessment. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton. pp. 179-200.

French, W.E., B. Vondracek, L.C. Ferrington Jr., J.C. Finlay, and D.J. Dieterman. 2014. Winter feeding, growth and condition of brown trout Salmo trutta in a groundwater-dominated stream. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 29: 187-200. 

French, W.E., B. Vondracek, L.C. Ferrington Jr., J.C. Finlay, and D.J. Dieterman. 2016. Winter diet of brown trout Salmo trutta in groundwater-dominated streams: influence of environmental factors on spatial and temporal variation. Journal of Fish Biology 89: 2449-2464. 

French, W.E., B. Vondracek, L.C. Ferrington Jr., J.C. Finlay, and D.J. Dieterman. 2017. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) growth and condition along a winter thermal gradient in temperate streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74: 56-64. 

Goldhammer, D., C. Wright, M. Blackwood, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1992. Composition and phenology of Chironomidae from the Nelson environmental study area, University of Kansas. Netherland Journal of Aquatic Ecology 26: 281-291.

Gresens, S.E. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2008. Taxonomic distinctness provides an alternative view of the diversity of Chironomidae (Diptera) assemblages. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural) Supplement 13: 101-108.

Gresens, S.E. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2010. Chironomid species assemblages of streams draining areas of serpentine versus non-serpentine bedrock. Proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Chironomidae, pp. 55-69.

Grodhaus, G. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1989. The occurrence of Chironomus (Lobochironomus) mendax Stora in North America. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62: 292-293. 

Hayford, B. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2006. Distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera) in Lake Hövsgöl, Mongolia. - In Goulden, C.E., Sitnikova, T., Gelhaus, J. and Boldgiv B. (Eds.) The geology, biodiversity and ecology of Lake Hövsgöl (Mongolia). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands pp. 433-452.

Hayford, B.L. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2005. Biological assessment of Cannon Creek, Missouri by use of emerging Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 78: 89-99. 

Howick, G.L., J.M. Giddings, F. Denoyelles, L.C. Ferrington Jr., W.D. Kettle, and D. Baker. 1992. Rapid establishment of test conditions and trophic-level interactions in 0.04-hectare earthen pond mesocosms. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11: 107-114.

Huggins, D.G., P.M. Liechti, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. (eds.). 1981. Guide to the Freshwater Invertebrates of the Midwest. Biological Survey of Kansas, Technical Publication Number 11. 221 pp.

Huggins, D.C. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1981. Introduction to the Insects. In Huggins, D.G., Liechti, P.M., and Ferrington Jr., L.C. (Eds.) Guide to the freshwater invertebrates of the Midwest. Biological Survey of Kansas, Technical Publication Number 11. pp. 49-57.

Kavanaugh, R.G., A.T. Egan, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2014. Factors affecting decomposition rates of chironomid (Diptera) pupal exuviae. Chironomus Newsletter on Chironomidae Research 27: 16-24. 

Kranzfelder, P., A.M. Anderson, A.T. Egan, J.E. Mazack, R.W. Bouchard Jr., M.M. Rufer, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2015. Use of Chironomidae (Diptera) surface-floating pupal exuviae as a rapid bioassessment protocol for water bodies. Journal of Visualized Experiments e52558. 

Kranzfelder, P. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2018. Chironomidae (Diptera) species diversity of estuaries across a land use gradient on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical 66: 1118-1134. 

Kranzfelder, P. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2015. Characterization of Chironomidae (Diptera) surface-floating pupal exuviae sample sort time from coastal tropical aquatic systems. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187: 1-8. 

Kranzfelder, P. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2016. Temporal and spatial variability of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) species emergence in a Neotropical estuary. Freshwater Science 35: 631-643.

Krider, L.A., J.A. Magner, J. Perry, B. Vondracek, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2013. Air-water temperature relationships in the trout streams of southeastern Minnesota's carbonate-sandstone landscape. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 49: 896-907. 

Lichtwardt, R.W., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and C.L. Lastra. 1999. Trichomycetes in Argentinean aquatic insect larvae. Mycologia 91: 1060-1082. 

Lichtwardt, R.W., M.C. Williams, L.C. Ferrington Jr. and B.L. Hayford. 1997. Harpellales: generic confusion due to precocious development. Mycologia 89: 109-113. 

Liu, W., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and X. Wang. 2016. First record of Odontomesa Pagast from China, with description of the immature stages of O. ferringtoni Sæther (Diptera, Chironomidae, Prodiamesinae). Zootaxa 4132: 135-142.

Liu, W.B., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and X.H. Wang. 2016. Sympotthastia wuyiensis sp. n. from China, with description of the immature stages of S. takatensis (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zootaxa 4126: 427-434. 

Liu, W.B., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and X.H. Wang. 2017. First Record of the Genus Telmatopelopia Fittkau, 1962 from Oriental China (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomological News 126: 352-357. 

Mazack, J.E., P. Kranzfelder, A.M. Anderson, R.W. Bouchard Jr., J. Perry, B. Vondracek and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2014. Survivorship and longevity of adult Diamesa mendotae Muttkowski, 1915 (Diptera: Chironomidae) at controlled, sub-freezing temperatures. Aquatic Insects 36: 35-42. 

McGee, B.L., A.E. Pinkney, D.J. Velinsky, J.T. Ashley, D.J. Fisher, L.C. Ferrington Jr. and T.J. Norberg-King. 2009. Using the sediment quality triad to characterize baseline conditions in the Anacostia River, Washington, DC, USA. - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 156: 51-67. 

Michailova, P.V. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1992. The karyotype of Axarus festivus (Say) and a comparison with species of Lipiniella (Chironomidae: Diptera). Netherland Journal of Aquatic Ecology 26: 181-185. 

Michailova, P. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2016. Larva and karyotype of Xenochironomus sp. (Diptera, Chironomidae) from North America. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 89.1: 53-64. 

Nyquist, C., G.M. Gíslason, B. Vondracek and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2021. Longevities of adult Chironomidae (Diptera) from two streams in Iceland. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 34: 4-12.

Nyquist, C. E., B. Vondracek and L. Ferrington, Jr. 2020. The influence of an in-stream thermal gradient on chironomid emergence during winter. Hydrobiologia 847: 3153–3167.

Pfrender, M.E., C.P. Hawkins, M. Bagley, G.W. Courtney, B.R. Creutzburg, J.H. Epler, S. Fend, L.C. Ferrington Jr. P.L. Hartzell, S. Jackson, D.P. Larsen, C.A. Lévesque, J.C. Morse, M.J. Petersen, D. Ruiter, D.A. Schindel and M. Whiting. 2010. Assessing macroinvertebrate biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems: Advances and challenges in DNA-based approaches. The Quarterly Review of Biology 85: 319-340.

Pinkney, A.E., P.C. McGowan, D.R. Murphy, T.P. Lowe, D.W. Sparling, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2000. Effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos and methoprene on insect populations in experimental ponds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19: 678-684.

Pitt, J.L., R.Y. Surampalli, N.H. Crisp, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1998. Predicting aqueous metal species in a stream impacted by mining activity. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management 2: 166-171. 

Reynolds Jr., S.K. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2001. Temporal and taxonomic patterns of mouthpart deformities in larval midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) in relation to sediment chemistry. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 16: 15-27.

Reynolds Jr., S.K. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2002. Differential morphological responses of chironomid larvae to severe heavy metal exposure (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 172-184. 

Roback, S.S. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1983. The immature stages of Thienemannimyia barberi (Coquillett) (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae). Freshwater Invertebrate Biology 2: 107-111. 

Rufer, M.M. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2007. Key to the Chironomidae pupal exuviae in the twin cities metro area lentic waters. Chironomid Research Group, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, pp. 100. 

Rufer, M.R. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2008. Sampling frequency required for chironomid community resolution in urban lakes with contrasting trophic states. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural) Supplement 13: 77-84.

Sæther, O.A. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1993. Redescription of Prosmittia jemtlandica (Brundin, 1947), with a review of the genus. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 257-262. 

Sæther, O.A. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1997. A review of the genus Semiocladius Sublette et Wirth, 1980 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic Insects 19: 219-236.

Sæther, O.A. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2003. Nomenclature notes on some orthoclads (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 322: 1-7. 

Sæther, O.A. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2003. New combinations and synonyms in European Pseudosmittia Goetghebuer and related genera. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research.

Sealock, A.W. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2008. Key and Descriptions of the Chironomidae Pupal Exuviae of Hardwood Creek, near Hugo, Minnesota. Chironomid Research Group, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, pp. 86. 

Sealock, A.W. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 2008. Sampling efficiency of Chironomidae (Diptera) across disturbance gradients. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural) Supplement 13: 85-92.

Slaymaker, A.K., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and R.W. Lichtwardt. 1998. Chironomidae-Trichomycete associations: A literature review. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 71: 490-500. 

Sublette, M., J.E. Sublette, and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1989. Gail Grodhaus: March 21, 1928-December 23, 1987. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62:294-296. 

Swegman, B.G. and L.C. Ferrington Jr. 1980. New records of Western Trichoptera with notes on their biology. The Great Basin Naturalist 40: 287-291. 

Wright, C.A., L.C. Ferrington Jr. and N.H. Crisp. 1996. Analysis of chlordane-impacted streams using chironomid pupal exuviae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Hydrobiologia 318: 69-77. 

Zhang, R., W. Liu, L.C. Ferrington Jr. and X. Wang. 2016. Two new species of genus Hydrosmittia Ferrington & Sæther (Diptera: Chironomidae) from China. Zootaxa 4121: 167-174.